1 
Contents 
1 Introduction 3 
2 Model physics 5 
3 Model numerics 7 
3.1 Discretisation 7 
3.1.1 Spatial scheme 7 
3.1.1 Temporal scheme 8 
3.2 Specialities 9 
3.3 Grid nesting 10 
4 The operational model version 11 
4.1 Meteorological forcing 11 
4.2 The circulation model 13 
5 Validation 17 
5.1 Water levels 17 
5.2 Currents 21 
5.3 Water temperature 26 
5.4 Sea Ice 28 
5.5 Salinity 29 
6 Prospects 31 
7 References 31 
Appendix 35 
Momentum equations 35 
Closure model 35 
Dynamic boundary conditions at surface and bottom 40 
Hydrostatics and pressure 41 
Continuity equation 41 
Surface waves and their effect on the large scale flow 42 
Equation of state 45 
Budget equations for heat and salt 45 
Equations for sea ice 46