General Development of the G.H.I. during 1955 
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Thereby 15 new wreck positions could he ascertained in the North Sea and 9 
ones- in the Baltic,' a total of 56 wrecks determined already at an earlier date 
were re-checked as to their present position,- state and depth. 
The Institute's oceanographical activities at sea extended in the year' 
under review to the central and southern North Sea. Here, in cooperation with 
the Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Kommission für Meeresforschung and with .the 
ships "Gauss", "Anton Dohrn" and "Südfall" further investigations were made 
to clear the relations between wind, current and water particle as well as 
the distribution of fry. Special attention was directed to density stratifi 
cation and vertical distribution of the tidal streams.. The vertical distribu 
tion of temperature, salinity and movement of the water was likewise investi 
gated from anchor stations over longer periods of time. In May/July some 
scientists participated in a research cruise of the fisheries research ship 
"Anton Dohrn" in the waters between Iceland and Greenland; routine observations 
in German lightships were carried on. 
Numerical work for ascertaining wind-conditioned water movements in one 
and two-dimensional areas were continued with the aid of an electronic com 
puting machine in cooperation with Professor R o s s b y, Stockholm. 
After the collection and evaluation of bottom material from the North 
Sea and Baltic having come to a certain close, general charts are now 
available of bathymetric, features and sediments first of all of the Southern 
North Sea, in the scale of 1 : 1 Mill. These charts will be published before 
long. 
As contributions to the relating sailing directions, the sediments in 
the vicinity of Iceland, and temperature and salinity of the surface water at 
the North African coast were worked up. 
The Ice Service was carried on in the usual way, using however the new 
Baltic Ice Code, which has proved. The number of copies printed of the Ice 
Report amounts to 210 + ^ at present. The compilation of the Atlas relating to 
Ice conditions in the German 'Bight and western Baltic could be concluded. 
Geomagnetical work of the Institute comprises two in their feature diffe 
rent domains: In exchange for the "Ergebnisse der erdmagnetischen Beobachtun- 
gen im Observatorium Wingst" the Institute was again amply supplied by foreign 
stations with figures about field measurements and secular variations for data 
of magnetic variation to be inserted in charts and included in sailing direc 
tions. The short-period changes of the geomagnetic "field of disturbance" be 
come to an increasing extent important for judging the quality of radio commu 
nication. Information supplied by the Wingst Observatory to this effect may* 
partly be regarded as being representative for Western Europe and is being 
propagated within the compass of the TJRSI-transmissions several times a day 
via Radio Paris. 
Since 1941, the Tidal. Service makes use of a set of punch cards machines 
to carry out scientific calculations. These machines were employed during the 
+) Augmented to 240 at the beginning of 1956