Frontiers in Marine Science | www.frontiersin.org 
1 
July 2019 I Volume 6 | Article 314 
frontiers 
in Marine Science 
MINI REVIEW 
published: 02 July 2019 
doi : 10.3389/fmars.2019.00314 
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Edited by: 
Sanae Chiba, 
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth 
Science and Technology Japan 
Reviewed by: 
Sanja Matic-Skoko, 
Institute of Oceanography 
and Fisheries, Croatia 
John A. Barth, 
Oregon State University, 
United States 
Correspondence: 
Jun She 
js@dmi.dk 
Angel Muniz Piniella 
amuniz@marineboard.eu 
Specialty section: 
This article was submitted to 
Ocean Observation, 
a section of the journal 
Frontiers in Marine Science 
Received: 30 October 2018 
Accepted: 27 May 2019 
Published: 02 July 2019 
Citation: 
She J, Muniz Piniella A, 
Benedetti-Cecchi L, Boehme L, 
Boero F, Christensen A, Crowe T, 
Darecki M, Nogueira F GremareA, 
Hernandez F, Kouts T, Kromkamp J, 
Petihakis G, Sousa Pinto I, 
Reissmann JH, Tuomi L and 
Zingone A (2019) An Integrated 
Approach to Coastal and Biological 
Observations. Front. Mar. Soi. 6:314. 
doi: 10.3389/fmars,2019.00314 
An Integrated Approach to Coastal 
and Biological Observations 
Jun She 1 *, Ángel Muñiz Piniella 2 *, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi 3 , Lars Boehme 4 , 
Ferdinando Boero 5 , Asbjorn Christensen 6 , Tasman Crowe 7 , Miroslaw Darecki 3 , 
Enrique Nogueira 9 , Antoine Gremare 10 , Francisco Hernandez", Tarmo Kouts 12 , 
Jacco Kromkamp 13 , George Petihakis 14 , Isabel Sousa Pinto 15 , Jan Hinrich Reissmann 16 , 
Laura Tuomi 17 and Adriana Zingone 13 
1 Department of Research and Development, Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, 3 European Marine 
Board, Ostend, Belgium, 3 Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, 4 School of Biology, University of St Andrews, 
St Andrews, United Kingdom, 5 Università di Napoli Federico II, CoNISMa, CNR-IAS, Naples, Italy, 6 National Institute 
for Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, 7 School of Biology 
and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, 3 Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences 
(IO PAN), Sopot, Poland, 9 Centro Oceranográfico de Vigo, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Vigo, Spain, 70 EPOC, CNRS, 
University of Bordeaux, Arcachon, France, 11 Flanders Marine Institute (/LIZ), Ostend, Belgium, 13 Marine Systems Institute, 
Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, 13 Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Utrecht University, 
Utrecht, Netherlands, 14 Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece, 15 Ciimar and 
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 19 Marine Sciences, Federal Maritime 
and Hydrographic Agency, Hamburg, Germany, 17 Marine Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, 
,s Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy 
Maritime economy, ecosystem-based management and climate change adaptation 
and mitigation raise emerging needs on coastal ocean and biological observations. 
Integrated ocean observing aims at optimizing sampling strategies and cost-efficiency, 
sharing data and best practices, and maximizing the value of the observations for 
multiple purposes. Recently developed cost-effective, near real time technology such 
as gliders, radars, ferrybox, and shallow water Argo floats, should be used operationally 
to generate operational coastal sea observations and analysis. Furthermore, value 
of disparate coastal ocean observations can be unlocked with multi-dimensional 
Integration on fitness-for-the-purpose, parameter and Instrumental. Integration of 
operational monitoring with offline monitoring programs, such as those for research, 
ecosystem-based management and commercial purposes, Is necessary to fill the gaps. 
Such integration should lead to a system of networks which can deliver data for all 
kinds of purposes. Detailed integration activities are identified which should enhance 
the coastal ocean and biological observing capacity. Ultimately a program is required 
which integrates physical, blogeochemical and biological observation of the ocean, 
from coastal to deep-sea environments, bringing together global, regional, and local 
observation efforts. 
Keywords: integrated observing, fit-for-purpose integration, parameter integration, instrumental integration, 
coastal observation, biological observation, ocean observation, coordinated observation