8 
Part A - General 
Number 4 
In particular, the design and configuration of the structures shall meet the following requirements: 
Number 4.1 
The structures shall be designed and configured in such a way that 
• no avoidable emissions of pollutants, noise and light into the marine environment can occur during 
installation or operation in accordance with the state of the art or - if such emissions are mandatory 
under the safety requirements for marine and air transport and are unavoidable - the impairments 
shall be kept to a minimum 
• in the event of collision with a ship, the hull of the ship shall be damaged as little as possible. 
Number 4.2 
The external paintwork in the area of the turbine and tower shall always take the form of a low-reflectivity 
light grey, notwithstanding regulations on aviation and shipping identification. 
Number 4.3 
The corrosion protection shall have the lowest possible level of pollutants. The use of TBT is prohibited. 
The (underwater) structures shall be provided with oil-repellent coatings in the relevant area (tidal range/ 
wave height). 
Number 4.4 
During the positioning (configuration) of the individual installations, care shall be taken to ensure that 
simultaneous operation of the offshore wind turbines cannot give rise to any harmful interference. 
Justification: 
The regulations in number 4 serve to avoid both contamination and impairment of the marine en 
vironment as well as of the safety of transport in accordance with § 3 para. 1 SeeAnIV. As shown 
by the formulation on emissions avoidance, it may be difficult to reconcile the requirements im 
posed in order to protect the natural environment and those for the safety of shipping. 
The requirement to provide a design with the greatest hull-retaining properties in the event of a 
collision between a ship and the offshore wind turbine is intended to meet both objectives defined 
in § 3 SeeAnIV simultaneously, whereas the safety requirements for shipping and aviation in 
terms of light emissions represent a limit for essential emissions avoidance during the construc 
tion and operation phases. 
The requirement in number 4.1 is closely related to the ancillary provision of number 3 and speci 
fies continuous optimisation of the installations in terms of ecological impact in line with ongoing 
progress in knowledge and technology, to the extent that this is possible and reasonable based 
on indispensable security measures. 
Linking this requirement to the state of the art is intended to ensure that the design and equip 
ment is able to avoid or reduce any effects which cannot currently be foreseen with certainty, but 
which if they were to occur later would lead to the cancellation or revocation of the approval. In the 
event that pollution, noise and light emissions cannot be avoided, number 4.1 of the regulation 
includes minimisation of the incurred impairments in accordance with the precautionary principle. 
Examples here include the development and use of deterrent measures against animal species 
that are negatively affected, the use of the best available and most naturally compatible traffic 
safety beacon (intelligent system) that flexibly adapts the light intensity to visibility conditions, the 
use of the most environmentally friendly service products and the most comprehensive possible 
encapsulation of pipes and containers that carry pollutants.