l& 
Table 1 Overview of general model settings 
Institute, model 
version 
Region; approx, 
coordinates 
Borizontal res. 
Ion x lat (°) 
Vertical res./no. of 
layers (thickness) 
Atmospheric 
forcing 
Open boundary conditions 
Other forcing (fdS=river 
runoff, S=salinity, 7’= temp.) 
Data assimilation 
Key references 
BSB, CMOD v4 
NWS, BAL 
48.6° N/4.0° W 
65.9° N/30.4° E 
1/12x1/20 
[3 nm] 
dynamical z-coordinates/25 
(fine), 35 (coarse) layers 
COSMO-EU 7 
km; DWD 
2D surge model 
BSBsmod.na, 10 km 
RR by BBV (SMHI), 
true RR from BfG 
None 
(Kleine 1994; Dick et al. 
2001; Dick and 
Kleine 2008) 
BSB, BBM v4 
NWS, BAL 
1/12x1/20 
dynamical z-coordinates/25 
COSMO-EU 7 
2D surge model 
RR by HBV (SMHI), 
None 
(Berg 2012; Berg and 
(based on CMOD) 
48.6° N/4.0° W 
65.9° N/30.4° E 
[3 nm] 
(fine) 35 (coarse) layers 
km; DWD 
B SB-BBM_v4.na, 10 km 
true RR from BfG 
Poulsen 2012; 
Briining et al. 2014) 
DMI, 
DKSS2013 
(based on BBM) 
NWS, BAL 
48.5° N/4.1° W 
65.9° N/30.2° E 
1/12.05x1/20 
[3 nm], 0.5 nm 
Transition Area, 
1 nm Wadden Sea 
z-coordinates/52 layers 
(8 m surface layer, 2 m 
in Transition .Area) 
BERLAM-SKA 
3 km; ECMWF 
2D surge model North 
Atlantic 
RR by HBV (SMHI), 
true RR from BfG 
None 
(Berg and Poulsen 2012) 
DMI, BBM v4 
NWS, BAL 
48.5° N/4.1° W 
65.5° N/30.3° E 
1/36x1/60 
[1 nm] BAL, 0.5 nm 
Transition Area, 
3 nm NWS 
z-coordinates/25 layers 
BIRLAM 
2D surge model North 
Atlantic NOAMOD 
RR by HBV (SMHI), 
true RR from BfG 
None 
(Berg and Poulsen 2012) 
FCOO, GETM v6 
NWS, BAL 
1/36x1/60 
general vert, coordinates/60 
BERLAM SICA 
2D storm surge model 
T & S by monthly 
None 
(Burchard et al. 1999, 
(using GOTM) 
50.1° N/4.1° W 
65.9° N/30.3° E 
[1 nm], 600 m 
Kattegat-Arkona 
layers (<0.45 m surface 
layer) 
3 km; DMI 
NA3, GETM-UTELS 
climatological values, 
RR by BBV (SMHI), 
true RR by BSH 
2009, 2010; 
Büchmann et al. 2011) 
EMI, BBM v2 
NWS, BAL 
48.5° N/4.1° W 
65.9° N/30.3° E 
1/12x1/20 
[3 nm], 0.5 nm Danish 
Straits, Wadden Sea 
z-coordinates/50 layers 
(8 m surface layer) 
BERLAM 
Inverse barometer calculation 
for water levels 
Climatological values for T 
& S, RR by climatology 
None 
(Berg and Poulsen 2012; 
Poulsen and 
Berg 2012) 
EMI, BBM v2 
NWS, BAL 
48.5° N/4.1° W 
65.9° N/30.3° E 
1/12x1/20 
[3 nm], 0.5 nm Danish 
Straits, Wadden Sea 
z-coordinates/50 layers 
(8 m surface layer) 
ECMWF 
Inverse barometer calculation 
for water levels 
Climatological values for T 
& S, RR by climatology 
None 
(Berg and Poulsen 2012; 
Poulsen and 
Berg 2012) 
Met Office, 
NWS 
1/9x1/15 
s-coordinates/32 layers 
Met Office Global 
Tidal model from NE 
RR by climatological 
SST: in situ & satellite sensors 
(Madec 2008; O’Dea 
FOAM_AMM v7 
(based on NEMO) 
40° N/19.9° W 
65.0° N/13.0° E 
[~7 km] 
Unified Model 
Atlantic, 15 constituents 
values;T, S, sea level, 
currents from FOAM 
1/12° NA model; Baltic 
outflow = river 
SEVER.I, NOAA-AVBRR, 
METOP-AVBRR 
et al. 2012) 
MET Norway, 
ROMS v3.5 
NWS 
40° N/19.9° W 
65.0° N/13.0° E 
1/9x1/15 
[~7 km] 
s-coordinates/35 layers 
BERLAM, 
12 km & ECMWF 
Barotropic, baroclinie, 
MET Arctic-20 km 
Tides from TPXO v7.2, RR 
by climatological values, 
Baltic outflow = river (18, 
monthly climatology) 
SST: OSTLA SST analysis 
(Shchepetkin and 
McWilliams 2005) 
MSI, BIROMB v4.5 
(EST setup) 
Gulf of Riga & Finland 
56.9° N/21.6° E 
60.7° N/30.3° E 
1/60x1/120 
[0.5 nm] 
z-coordinates (3 m layer 
thickness in 0-90 m, 
5 min 90-120 m) 
BERLAM, 
11 km, EWS 
Along western bound 
21.55°E, 1 nm 
BEROMB-BS01 
Climatic mean RR 
None 
(Funkquist and Kleine 
2007; Lagemaa 2012) 
RBINS, 
OPTOS_NOS vl 
(based on 
COBERENS vl) 
NWS 
48.5° N/3.9° W 
57.0° N/9.1° E 
1/12x1/24 
[~6 km] 
s-coordinates/20 layers 
Met Office NWP 
2D storm surge 
model OPTOS_CSM 
Neumann condition for T, 
Dirichlet condition for S 
(ICES), RR by monthly 
climatological values 
None 
(Luyten et al. 1999; 
Luyten 2014) 
SMHI, BIROMB 
NWS, BAL 
1/12x1/20 
z-coordinates/4 m surface 
BERLAM, 
2D storm surge model 24 nm 
RR by HBV, 73 rivers 
SST: observation from Sea 
(Daley 1991; Funkquist 
v4.6 NS03 setup 
48.4° N/4.2° W 
65.9° N/30.3° E 
[3 nm] 
layer 
11 km 
NOAMOD 
specified; T, S from 
met.no ocean model or 
climatology 
Ice Service, OSI-SAF; 
T, S: observation from ship, 
buoys, ferry boxes 
and Kleine 2007; 
Axell 2013) 
SMHI, BIROMB 
BAL 
1/36x1/60 
z-coordinates/4 m surface 
BERLAM, 
Exchange with NS03 set-up 
RR by BBV, 56 rivers 
SST: observation from Sea Ice 
(Daley 1991; Funkquist 
v4.6 BS01 setup 
53.7° N/9.4° E 
65.9° N/30.3° E 
[1 nm] 
layer 
11 km 
at western bound 
specified 
Service, OSI-SAF; T, S: 
observation from ship, 
buoys, ferry boxes 
and Kleine 2007; 
.Axell 2013) 
Ocean Dynamics