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• Lindenberg (10393) and 
• Neumayer (89002). 
Lindenberg: 
At Lindenberg station, radiosonds are launched at 00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC, which also in 
clude upper tropospheric and lower stratosphere wind measurements. Radiosounding in Lin 
denberg started in 1957, and since July 2004 they have been updated to GPS navigation. In 
February 2004, Lindenberg has replaced Stuttgart-Schnarrenberg (10739) as the GUAN sta 
tion of Germany. The MOL-RAO focuses in a unique manner on calibrating humidity measur 
ing instruments on a routine basis by means of radiosondes. The aim is to achieve highest 
quality standards for humidity profile measurements from radiosondes (with the accuracy 
being better than an uncertainty of 1 % in relative humidity). Due to the synergy of the high- 
temporal-resolution measurements (e.g. GEWEX / GvaP water vapour measurements) at the 
MOL-RAO, the radiosounding assumes even more importance as it also allows for cross 
calibrations between the existing measuring systems. 
Neumayer: 
Three-hourly synoptic observations and daily upper air soundings (12 UTC) including weekly 
ozone profiling are the main part of the measurements at Neumayer station. Additional, in 
tensive surface radiation measurements are performed in the framework of the “Baseline 
Surface Radiation Network BSRN”. 
2.2.3 Contributions to Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) 
Germany contributes to the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) with the following 4 stations: 
• GAW Global Station at Zugspitze/Hohenpeissenberg, 
• GAW Global Station at Neumayer (Antarctic, operated by AWI), 
• GAW Regional Stations at Schauinsland and Neuglobsow. 
Zugspitze/Hohenpeissenberg 
The Zugspitze/Hohenpeissenberg GAW station consists of 2 platforms: one is based within 
the Zugspitze environmental research station and one is situated at the Hohenpeissenberg 
Meteorological Observatory of DWD. 
The Hohenpeissenberg Meteorological Observatory has a long tradition of taking meteoro 
logical and atmospheric chemistry measurements. The beginning of its series of uninterrupt 
ed meteorological observations dates back to 1781. 1967 saw the start of the ozone meas 
urement programme that has now developed into a vast and extensive programme. In 1994, 
the installation of the GAW station started, and the Observatory's measurement programme 
was considerably expanded. Pursuant to the GAW requirements for Global Stations, meas 
ured quantities include reactive trace gases, physical and chemical properties of aerosols, 
substances contained in precipitation and a range of auxiliary data needed to interpret at 
mospheric chemistry data. 
The Global Station at the Zugspitze is operated jointly by the UBA and DWD. Starting in 
1999, UBA established the platform Zugspitze at the site Schneefernerhaus, situated at 2656 
m asl, approximately 300 m below the Zugspitze summit. DWD measures meteorological 
components, aerosol concentrations and various radionuclides whereas the UBA deals with 
reactive (Ozone, CO, NO, N02, NOx, NOy, PAN, VOCs, carbonyl samples) and trace gases 
relevant to climate (C02, CH4, N20, SF6, halogenated carbons), as well as aerosol related 
data, e.g., size distributions of fine and ultrafine particles in the range of 10-800 nm and pre 
cipitation chemistry.