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Le Floch - What are Dispersants?
stand the role of salinity on the dispersant’s efficacy and the stability of dispersed oil in the
water column.
Finally, chemical dispersion is one spill response technique among others. Prior to any dis
persant application, the potential consequences have to be evaluated via a Net Environmen
tal Benefit Analysis.
References and further reading
Claireaux G., Théron M., Prineau M., Dussauze M., Merlin F-X., Le Floch S. 2013. Effects of
oil exposure and dispersant use upon environmental adaptation performance and fitness
in the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquatic Toxicology, 130 - 131, p160-
170
Clark J. 2004. DISPERSANT BASICS Mechanism, Chemistry, and Physics of Dispersants in
Oil Spill Response. In Presentation to NRC Committee on Understanding Oil Spill Disper
sants: Efficacy and Effects.
Fucik, K., 1994. Dispersed Oil Toxicity Tests with Species Indigenous to the Gulf of Mexico.
Technical Summary. MMS Publication 94-0021, USA
IPIECA. 2001. Dispersants and their role in oil spill response. IPIECA Report Series, Volume
5, 2 nd edition. International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association,
London, p39
IPIECA-OGP. 2015. At-sea monitoring of surface dispersant effectiveness. IPIECA-OGP
Final Report, Finding 4. OGP Global Industry Response Group (GIRC), p18
Le Floch S., Guyomarch J., Merlin F., Stoffyn-Egli P., Dixon J., Lee K. 2002. The influence of
salinity on oil-mineral aggregate formation. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, 8, 65-71
Lewis A., Merlin F., Daling P., Reed M. 2006. Applicability of Oil Spill Dispersants, Part I:
Overview. Report for European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), p91
Merlin, F.X. 2005. Traitement aux dispersants des nappes de pétrole en mer. CEDRE, Brest.
Mukherjee B., Turner J., Wrenn B.A. 2011. Effect of oil composition on chemical dispersion
of crude oil. Environmental Engineering Science. 28(7): 497-506;
O’Driscoll D. 2013. Subsea Well Intervention Service. In Industry Technical Advisory Com
mittee (ITAC) for Oil Spill Response, September 2013.
