52 
standard. Deviations of a factor of 2 and more are the result (see chapter 5.3.4 for 
details). 
PCA concentrations in sediments are even scarcer. The few studies in Canada and 
Europe (river sediments) showed highly variable sPCA concentrations with a range 
between a few and several thousands of ng/g dry weight. mPCA levels are hardly 
available. Table 35 in chapter 5.4.3.3 gives a summary. 
The main aim of this part of the project was first to improve and simplify quantification 
methodology for PC As and to add at least some information about s-, mPCA and 
chlordane concentrations in fish from the North and Baltic Sea as well as from the 
northern North Atlantic. Moreover, levels in sea sediment should be determined. These 
limited data would then allow to estimate roughly the burden of PCA and to compare it 
with more "classical" pollutants such as PCB and DDT. 
Chlordane was nearly exclusively applied as pesticide in North and Central America. 
Consequently, many studies exist about concentrations in the environment, in biota and 
in humans from these regions. Chlordane can be dispersed by atmospheric long-range 
transport. After volatilisation from soil and water at low latitudes, the pesticide is 
transported to higher latitudes by air currents. The colder temperatures in the polar 
regions lead to dry and wet deposition due to re-condensation. Substantial amounts of 
chlordane have been detected in remote areas such as sub-polar regions (Andersson et 
al., 1988) and the Arctic (Oehme and Manp, 1984; Bidleman et al., 1989). Several 
reports are also available about chlordane accumulation in the Arctic marine food-webs 
(Muir et al., 1988; Hargrave et al., 1992). 
Data about chlordane concentrations in the European environment are nearly completely 
missing, since this pesticide was hardly applied. Consequently, only very few and 
limited studies have been carried out about levels in marine biota (Marvin et al., 2003; 
Jansson et al., 1993; Strandberg et al., 1998; Falandysz et al., 2001; Karl et al., 1998; 
Voorspoels et al., 2004) and in sediments (Strandberg et al., 1998b). Table 31 in chapter 
5.4.2.6 gives a summary of these reports. However, levels in the European Arctic are 
relatively high due to long range transport from North America (cod liver: 0.1-0.2 (ig/g