160 
Table 59: Overview of endosulfan concentrations in the environment. 
Sample 
Sampling 
location 
Sampling date 
Concentration 
[ng/L] or [pg/kg 
dry wt] 
Limit of 
detection [ng/L] 
or [pg/kg] 
Creek water 
US 
1993 
31 (I) a 13 (II) a 
5 (I) a 5 (II) a 
River water 
US 
1991-1997 
0.002-0.2 b 
0.002 b 
Surface water 
Canada 
1980 
II e 
- 
Surface water 
South Africa 
1998 
830-3160 d 
T3 
O 
o 
r-H 
Mussel tissue 
US 
1994-1997 
1.6-7.9 (I) e 
0.68 (I) 
1.5-6.3 (II) e 
0.88 (II) 
River sediment 
US 
1977 
—r - ;—tt. 
4780 e 
- 
Data from: VSertlar and Miller, 2002), '’(Muschal and Cooper), L (WHO, 1994), d ( Dal vie et al., 2003), 
e (Johnson et al., 1999) 
According to the background paper on endosulfan published by the OSPAR 
Commission (OSPAR, 2002), endosulfan is used mainly in southern Europe (1999: 
469.3 t/a), while the countries bordering the North Sea and Baltic Sea consumed only 
38.1 t/a in 1999. In most north European countries, use of endosulfan was phased out in 
the mid-1990s. Only Belgium, France, and Switzerland reported consumption figures 
for 1999. 
6.2.4 Pentachlorophenol 
OH 
Figure 27: Structure of Pentachlorophenol 
Figure 27 shows the structure of pentachlorophenol (PCP). PCP production was banned 
in Europe in the early eighties. Nevertheless, 100 t of imported PCP was used as an 
algicide and bactericide in the European Union’s timber and textile industry in 1997 
(Eurochlor, 1997).