Ol 
G) 
Table 1: Analytical methods used by MORS laboratories 
Lab / 
Country 
Method used for Cs-137 
Method used for Sr-90 
Method used for Pu (Am) 
Methods for natural and other 
radionuclides 
Risoe/ 
Denmark 
sediment, biota: HPGe gamma spectrometry 
water: absorption on AMP + HPGe gamma 
spectrometry 
Ca(OH) 2 + Y-90 counting with low-level GM counter 
water: Fe(OH) 2 /Fe(OH) 3 + TIOA solvent extraction 
+ anion exchange + electroplating + a spectrometry 
(or ICPMS) 
Tc-99 (water): anion exchange + Fe(OH) 3 
+ TIOA/xylene extraction + low-level GM 
counting (biota): acid digestion + GM 
counting 
Estonian 
Radiation 
Protection 
Center/ 
Estonia 
evaporation (water), drying (sediment), drying + ashing 
(biota) + HPGe gamma spectrometry 
sediment: drying + ashing + HDEHP extraction + 
cerenkov counting in liquid scintillation counter 
STUK 
/Finland 
seawater: evaporation + HPGE gamma spectrometry 
solid: drying + HPGE gamma spectrometry (gamma- 
emitting radionuclides in energy range of 30-2700 keV) 
evaporation/drying/ashing/microwave leaching + Sr- 
resin purification + beta counting by betacounter/liquid 
scintillation counting 
precipitation/microwave leaching + anion exchange 
purification (Pu) + TRU-TEVA purification (Am) + 
a-spectrometry 
evaporation/drying/ashing/microwave 
leaching; spontaneous deposition (Po), anion 
exchange (U) + a spectrometry; Sr resin 
purification (Pb, if not gamma spectrometry) 
+ liquid scintillation counting 
BFFG/ 
VTIG 
Germany 
biota: drying + ashing; Ge + HPGe gamma 
spectrometry 
biota: drying + ashing + wet digestion + HDEHP 
extraction + purification with Adogen 464 + hydroxide 
precipitation + Y-oxalate precipitation + beta counting 
biota: drying + ashing + wet digestion + TOPO/ 
cyclohexane extraction; LaF 3 precipitation + anion 
exchange (Pu) cation/anion exchange + DDCP 
extraction + anion exchange (Am) electrodeposition 
+ a-spectrometry 
BSH/ 
Germany 
seawater: adsorption on KjCoiFeiCN)^ + HPGe 
gamma spectrometry 
seawater: HDEHP extraction + cleaning with Adogen 
464 + oxalate precipitation + thermal decomposition + 
beta counting 
NH 4 OH precipitation (water), freeze-drying, acid 
leach (sediment) + HDEHP extraction + anion 
exchange + electrodepositing + a- spectrometry 
Environmental 
Protection 
Agency/ 
Lithuania 
sediment: drying + HPGe gamma spectrometry 
biota: drying + ashing + HPGe gamma spectrometry 
water: double sorbent cartridge method Cu 2 Fe(CN) 6 + 
drying + HPGe gamma spectrometry or concentrating 
of Cs-137 (together with Sr-90) with HCI, SrCI 2 , CsCI, 
FeCI 3 , CaCI 2 , K 4 Fe(CN) 6 , Na 2 C0 3 + drying + HPGe 
gamma spectrometry 
concentration with K 4 Fe(CN) 6 , Na 2 C0 3 (water)/ drying 
+ ashing + dissolution (sediment, biota) + HDEHP 
extraction + hydroxide precipitation + oxalate 
precipitation + Y counting by proportional counter 
CLOR 
/Poland 
sediment: drying + HPGe gamma spectrometry 
biota: drying + ashing + HPGe gamma spectrometry 
benthic animals (small size): dissolution + adsorption 
on AMP + gas-flow beta counting 
sediment: acid leach + oxalate precipitation + thermal 
decomposition + Fe(OH) 3 + Y oxalate precipitation + 
gas-flow beta counting 
sediment: wet ashing + ion exchange + 
electrodeposition + a- spectrometry 
Radium: acid leach (HN0 3 +HF) + BaS0 4 
precipitation + de-emanation + Lucas cell 
counting 
Tritium: distillation + electrolytic enrichment + 
distillation + liquid scintillation counting 
IMGW/ 
Poland 
water: absorption on AMP + ion exchange + Cs 2 PtCI 6 
precipitation + beta counting 
water: oxalate precipitation + thermal decomposition 
+ nitric acid precipitation + hydroxide precipitation 
+chromate precipitation + carbonate precipitation + Y 
hydroxide precipitation + oxalate precipitation + beta 
counting 
Kh lopin 
Radium 
Institute/ 
Russia 
water: Ferro-cyanide and carbonate precipitation + 
Ge(Li) gamma spectrometry 
solid: drying + Ge(Li) gamma spectrometry 
Ferro-cyanide precipitation (water) 
drying+ashing+acid leach+sulphate precipitation 
(solid) + carbonate precipitation + hydroxide 
precipitation + Y hydroxide + Y oxalate + beta 
counting 
water: Fe(OH) 3 precipitation + anion exchange + 
electrodeposition + a- spectrometry 
solid: drying + ashing + acid digestion. + anion 
exchange + electrodeposition 
+ a- spectrometry 
Ra-226, Th-232: gamma-spectrometry; 
Tritium: liquid scintillation counting 
SSI/ 
Sweden 
water: filtration through impregnated Cu^FefCNy filter 
+ HPGe gamma spectrometry 
sediment: drying + HPGe spectrometry 
dissolution in acid + HDEHP extraction + cerenkov 
counting of Y-90 with liquid scintillation counter 
water: HPGe gamma spectrometry 
Tritium: distillation or shake with cation 
exchanger + LS counting