Sea Ice Conditions in Gulf of Gdansk in 15 century 
63 
1466 
very warm winter, with no 
snow 
Russia: 14.01 - hard frost, 
many people died 
5.05 - snow,2.06 - frost 
• War between Poland and the 
Teutonic Knights.The Peace 
Treaty was concluded in Torun 
• Gdansk was reversed to the 
Kingdom of Poland 
• Conflict with France 
1469 
Silesia, Odra frozen down 
in full depth at many 
places from 30.11 to 14.04 
Germanv : severe winter, Boden 
Zee got frozen (2.12-23.04) 
Conflict with France 
1470 
Very severe (19.11-21.12) 
, Odra ice covered; 25- 
26.12: warming, all snow 
and Ice melted 
Russia: severe winter, the end of 
April and beginning of May - 9 
days of frost (young oaks and 
ashes extinct) 
• Conflict with France 
• War of Hanze against England 
1471 
Silesia: Easter - no 
winter; 
12.02-28.03 - summer 
weather 
Prussia: 24.02 - storms. 27.02 - 
return of storks and swallows 
• War of Hanze against England 
• Cologne was excluded out of 
Hanze in a result of its trading 
with hostile England 
1472 
Silesia 24.02 violets 
blooming, 14-21.03 
nearly all trees blooming 
Germanv : mild winter 
War of Hanze against England 
1488 
Odra - Gtogow, from 
11.11 to 7.12 ice cover; 
destroyed bridges; horses 
and carts travelled on ice 
cover 
Baltic : 7 Dec - temoerature 
changed, storm 
Ukraine : severe winter, heavv 
snow 
1492 
Jan and Feb. : very warm 
winter; orchards’blooming, 
high grass, birds built 
nests 
March frost killed 
everything; took 2 weeks; 
Italy - Genoa; ice on sea 25-26 
Dec 
1495 
Passaae on ice cover: 
Gdansk - Hel after 2 Feb 
Hel - Wisla by 4 horses (6 
March), sledge fully 
loaded with cod. 1 of May: 
the first ships arrived to 
Gdansk; float Ice on open 
sea 
Ice on the Baltic Sea till May 
Passaae on Ice cover: 
Pomeranla-Denmark 
Pomerania- Gesso 
Pomerania pi - Mon