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As predicted/ 8 there have been some challenges in 
the context of the implementation of the PLR, but these 
challenges have been overcome in large part due to the 
insurance industry's willingness to actually offer PLR- 
compliant insurance policies and at least the few national 
administrations that were able to implement the PLR on 
short notice. The PLR will not dramatically ameliorate the 
situation of passengers overnight but it raises the standard. 
Given the economic importance of the European market, the 
obligatory insurance, and the resulting indirect pressure by 
insurers, technical and other standards can provide at least 
some contribution to the protection of the rights of 
passengers. The PLR is far from perfect and should be 
improved, but it is a step in the right direction and it 
provides an important impetus for the eventual ratification 
of the PAL 2002, which allowed the latter to take effect in 
2014. 
78 Tsimplis, supra note 9, at 148.