Atmosphere 2022, 13, 1634 
20 of 21 
22. 
Huguenin, M.F,;; Fischer, E.M.; Kotlarski, 5.; Scherrer, 5.C.; Schwierz, C.; Knutti, R. Lack of Change in the Projected Frequency and 
Persistence of Atmospheric Circulation Types Over Central Europe. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2020, 47, e2019GL086132. [CrossRef] 
Donat, M.G.; Leckebusch, G.C.; Pinto, J.G.; Ulbrich, U. European storminess and associated circulation weather types: Future 
changes deduced from a multi-model ensemble of GCM simulations. Clim. Res. 2010, 42, 27-43. [CrossRef] 
Plavcova, E.; Kysely, J. Projected evolution of circulation types and their temperatures over Central Europe in climate models. 
Cheor. Appl. Climatol. 2013, 114, 625-634. [CrossRef] 
Riediger, U.; Gratzki, A. Future weather types and their influence on mean and extreme climate indices for precipitation and 
temperature in Central Europe. Meteorol, Z. 2014, 23, 231-252. [CrossRef] 
Demuzere, M.; Werner, M.; van Lipzig, N.P.M.; Roeckner, E. An analysis of present and future ECHAM5 pressure fields using a 
classification of circulation patterns. Int. J. Climatol. 2009, 29, 1796-1810. [CrossRef] 
Arns, A.; Wahl, T.; Dangendorf, S.; Jensen, J. The impact of sea level rise on storm surge water levels in the northern part of the 
German Bight. Coast. Eng. 2015, 96, 118-131. [CrossRef] 
Müller-Navarra, S.H.; Giese, H. Improvements of an empirical model to forecast wind surge in the German Bight. Ocean Dyn. 
1999, 51, 385-405. [CrossRef] 
WSV. Zentrales Datenmanagement (ZDM): Küstendaten. Available online: https://www.kuestendaten.de/DE/Services/ 
Messreihen_Dateien_Download / Download_Zeitreihen_node.html (accessed on 9 June 2022). 
Hersbach, H.; Bell, B.; Berrisford, P.; Hirahara, S.; Horänyi, A.; Mufoz-Sabater, J.; Nicolas, J.; Peubey, C.; Radu, R.; Schepers, D. 
The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2020, 146, 1999-2049. [CrossRef] 
ECMWF. ERAS5. Available online: https: / /confluence.ecmwf.int /display /CKB/ERAS (accessed on 12 August 2021). 
Bell, B.; Hersbach, H.; Simmons, A.; Berrisford, P.; Dahlgren, P.; Horänyi, A.; Mufioz-Sabater, J.; Nicolas, J.; Radu, R.; Schepers, D.; 
et al. The ERA5 global reanalysis: Preliminary extension to 1950. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2021, 147, 4186-4227. [CrossRef] 
Schade, N.H.; Sadikni, R.; Jahnke-Bornemann, A.; Hinrichs, I.; Gates, L.; Tinz, B.; Stammer, D. The KLIWAS North Sea climatology. 
Part II: Assessment against global reanalyses. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 2017, 35, 127-145. [CrossRef] 
Wyser, K.; Koenigk, T.; Fladrich, U.; Fuentes-Franco, R.; Karami, M.P.; Kruschke, T. The SMHI Large Ensemble (SMHI-LENS) 
with EC-Earth3.3.1. Geosci. Model Dev. 2021, 14, 4781-4796. [CrossRef] 
Döscher, R.; Acosta, M.; Alessandri, A.; Anthoni, P.; Arsouze, T.; Bergman, T.; Bernardello, R.; Boussetta, S.; Caron, L.-P.; 
Carver, G.; et al. The EC-Earth3 Earth system model for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6. Geosci. Model Dev. 2022, 
15, 2973-3020. [CrossRef] 
Eyring, V.; Bony, S.; Meehl, G.A.; Senior, C.A.; Stevens, B.; Stouffer, R.J.; Taylor, K.E. Overview of the Coupled Model Intercompar- 
ison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization. Geosci, Model Dev. 2016, 9, 1937-1958. [CrossRef] 
O’Neill, B.C.; Tebaldi, C.; van Vuuren, D.P.; Eyring, V.; Friedlingstein, P.; Hurtt, G.; Knutti, R.; Kriegler, E.; Lamarque, J.-F.; Lowe, J.; 
et al. The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) for CMIP6. Geosci, Model Dev. 2016, 9, 3461-3482. [CrossRef] 
Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie ”Sturmfluten”. Available online: https:/ /www.bsh.de/DE/THEMEN/ 
Wasserstand_und_Gezeiten/Sturmfluten /sturmfluten_node.html (accessed on 12 May 2020). 
Gerber, M.; Ganske, A.; Müller-Navarra, 5.; Rosenhagen, G. Categorisation of Meteorological Conditions for Storm Tide Episodes 
in the German Bight. Meteorol. Z. 2016, 25, 447-462. [CrossRef] 
Lamb, H.H. Types and spells of weather around the year in the British Isles: Annual trends, seasonal structure of the year, 
singularities. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1950, 76, 393-429. [CrossRef] 
Jenkinson, A.F.; Collison, F.P. An initial climatology of gales over the North Sea. Synop. Climatol. Branch Memo. 1977, 62, 18. 
Loewe, P. Nordseezustand 2003; Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie: Hamburg/ Rostock, Germany, 2005; Volume 38, 
Loewe, P. System Nordsee—Zustand 2005 im Kontext Langzeitlicher Entwicklungen; Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie: 
Hamburg/ Rostock, Germany, 2009; Volume 44. 
Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy. 2021. Available online: https://sgx.geodatenzentrum.de /web_public/ 
Datenquellen_TopPlusOpen_30.09.2021.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2020). 
Koziar, C.; Renner, V. MUSE Modellgestützte Untersuchungen zu Sturmfluten mit sehr geringen Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeiten-Teilprojekt: 
Numerische Berechnung physikalisch konsistenter Wetterlagen mit Atmosphärenmodellen; Deutscher Wetterdienst: Offenbach, 
Germany, 2005. [CrossRef] 
Ganske, A.; Fery, N.; Gaslikova, L.; Grabemann, I.; Weisse, R.; Tinz, B. Identification of extreme storm surges with high-impact 
potential along the German North Sea coastline. Ocean Dyn. 2018, 68, 1371-1382. [CrossRef] 
Casulli, V. A high-resolution wetting and drying algorithm for free-surface hydrodynamics. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2009, 60, 
391—408. [CrossRef] 
Smith, S.D.; Banke, E.G. Variation of the sea surface drag coefficient with wind speed. ©. [. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1975, 101, 665-673. 
‚CrossRef] 
Sievers, J.; Malte, R.; Milbradt, P. EasyGSH-DB: Bathymetrie (1996-2016); Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau: Karlsruhe, Germany, 2020. 
‚CrossRef] 
Bollmeyer, C.; Keller, J.D.; Ohlwein, C.; Wahl, S.; Crewell, S.; Friederichs, P.; Hense, A.; Keune, J.; Kneifel, S.; Pscheidt, I.; et al. 
Towards a high-resolution regional reanalysis for the European CORDEX domain. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 2015, 141, 1-15. [CrossRef] 
DWD. OPENDATA. Available online: https:/ /opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/REA /COSMO_REA6/ (accessed on 1 
Tune 2022). 
23. 
74 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40 
1. 
2. 
43. 
14 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 
A9. 
50. 
ZA 
3.