Ocean Sci., 6, 633-677, 2010
www.ocean-sci.net/6/633/2010/
doi:10.5194/os-6-633-2010
© Author(s) 2010. CC Attribution 3.0 License
Numerical implementation and oceanographic application of the
thermodynamic potentials of liquid water, water vapour, ice,
seawater and humid air - Part 1: Background and equations
R. Feistei 1 , D. G. Wright ', D. R. Jackett 3 , К. Miyagawa 4 , J. H. Reissmann 5 , W. Wagner 6 , U. Overhoff 6 , C. Guder 6 ,
A. Feistel 7 , and G. M. Marion 8
1 Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung, Seestraße 15, 18119 Warnemünde, Germany
2 Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada
3 CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, RO. Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
4 4-12-11-628, Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-0011, Japan
5 Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 78, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
6 Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Thermodynamik, 44780 Bochum, Germany
technische Universität Berlin, Einsteinufer 25, 10587 Berlin, Germany
8 Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
'Dan Wright tragically passed away in July 2010
Received: 24 November 2009 - Published in Ocean Sci. Discuss.: 15 March 2010
Revised: 29 June 2010 - Accepted: 29 June 2010 - Published: 14 July 2010
Ocean Science
Abstract. A new seawater standard referred to as the Interna
tional Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010 (TEOS-
10) was adopted in June 2009 by UNESCO/IOC on its
25th General Assembly in Paris, as recommended by the
SCOR/IAPSO Working Group 127 (WG127) on Thermody
namics and Equation of State of Seawater. To support the
adoption process, WG127 has developed a comprehensive
source code library for the thermodynamic properties of liq
uid water, water vapour, ice, seawater and humid air, referred
to as the Sea-Ice-Air (SIA) library. Here we present the back
ground information and equations required for the determi
nation of the properties of single phases and components as
well as of phase transitions and composite systems as im
plemented in the library. All results are based on rigorous
mathematical methods applied to the Primary Standards of
the constituents, formulated as empirical thermodynamic po
tential functions and, except for humid air, endorsed as Re
leases of the International Association for the Properties of
Water and Steam (IAPWS). Details of the implementation in
the TEOS-10 SIA library are given in a companion paper.
Correspondence to: R. Feistel
(rainer.feistel @ io-warnemuende.de)
1 Introduction
The recent availability of highly accurate mathematical for
mulations of thermodynamic potentials for fluid water (Wag
ner and Pru!), 2002; IAPWS, 2009a), air (Lemmon et al.,
2000; Feistel et al., 2010a), ice (Feistel and Wagner, 2006;
IAPWS, 2009b), and of seawater (Feistel, 2003, 2008;
Millero et al., 2008; IAPWS, 2008a; IOC et al., 2010)
permit the description of thermodynamic properties of the
ocean and the atmosphere in an unprecedented comprehen
sive and consistent manner (Feistel et al., 2008; IOC et al.,
2010). In June 2009 these formulations, jointly referred
to as the International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawa
ter 2010 (TEOS-10), were adopted by UNESCO/IOC as the
successor of the International Equation of State of Seawa
ter 1980 (EOS-80). To assist potential users in implement
ing the new equations of state, the SCORViAPSO 2 Work
ing Group 127 (WG127) on Thermodynamics and Equa
tion of State of Seawater has developed a source code li
brary in Fortran and Visual Basic (also for use with Excel)
which provides an extended set of functions for the compu
tation of numerous properties of the geophysical fluids, their
composites and phase transitions. Equivalent versions of the
SIA library implemented in MatLab and C/C++ are planned.
1 SCOR: Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research,
http://www.scor-int.org
2 IAPSO: International Association for the Physical Sciences of
the Oceans, http://iapso.sweweb.net
Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
